My principal research interest is measuring energetic particle radiation in space. This includes Galactic cosmic rays which fill the Galaxy and are probably accelerated by supernovae shocks; Solar energetic particles which are accelerated by events on the Sun and by shocks in interplanetary space; and the anomalous cosmic rays, which are believed to be interstellar neutral atoms that drift into the Solar System, become ionized and are carried by the Solar wind out to the termination shock (a shock formed where the Solar wind becomes sub-sonic) where they undergo acceleration.
A non-research interest is nuclear science, technology and policy. I teach an Inquiry Course for non-majors on the subject, “Myths and Misconceptions about Nuclear Science.”
I am deeply involved in the Energetic Heavy Ion Sensor (EHIS) for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) Program (<a href="https://www.goes-r.gov/spacesegment/seiss.html">https://www.goes-r.gov/…;). EHIS instruments are now flying on GOES-16 and GOES-17 with two more waiting for launch (GOES-T and -U).
Much of my research involves the development of new and innovative instrumentation. The exigencies of space flight mean that instruments have to be very low in mass and power usage, and be extremely reliable. New instrument concepts include my Angle Detecting Inclined Sensors (ADIS) system. The EHIS are ADIS instruments. Other instrument development projects include the Positron Identification by Coincident Annihilation Photons (PICAP) and, more recently, a project to develop a synthetic diamond Cherenkov detector.
Scientifically, most of my work has been detailed measurements of the isotopic and elemental composition of Galactic cosmic rays using data from our High Energy Telescope (HET), on the Ulysses spacecraft. I have also been involved in the study of cosmic ray modulation by the Solar wind, particularly the three dimensional structure of the Heliosphere, again mainly using data from Ulysses.
Courses Taught
- PHYS 407: General Physics I Recitation
- PHYS 797: Senior Design Project
- PHYS 939: Classical Mechanics
Research Interests
- Astrophysics
- Extraterrestrial Radiation
- Nuclear Astrophysics
- Radiation Instrumentation
- Space Sciences
- Space Weather
Selected Publications
Rodriguez-Pacheco, J., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Mason, G. M., Ho, G. C., Sanchez-Prieto, S., Prieto, M., . . . Zong, Q. (2020). The Energetic Particle Detector: Energetic particle instrument suite for the Solar Orbiter mission. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 642. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935287
Connell, J. J., Lopate, C., & Tabeling, J. W. (2019). A novel synthetic diamond Cherenkov radiator for measuring space radiation. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 942. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2019.162338
Connell, J. J., Lopate, C., & McLaughlin, K. R. (2016). Accelerator test of an improved Angle Detecting Inclined Sensor (ADIS) prototype with beams of Kr-78 and fragments. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 837, 11-15. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.08.038
Galica, G. E., Dichter, B. K., Tsui, S., Golightly, M. J., Lopate, C., & Connell, J. J. (2016). GOES-R Space Environment In-Situ Suite: Instruments overview, calibration results, and data processing algorithms, and expected on-orbit performance. In EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV Vol. 9881. doi:10.1117/12.2228537
Dichter, B. K., Galica, G. E., McGarity, J. O., Tsui, S., Golightly, M. J., Lopate, C., & Connell, J. J. (2015). Specification, Design, and Calibration of the Space Weather Suite of Instruments on the NOAA GOES-R Program Spacecraft. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, 62(6), 2776-2783. doi:10.1109/TNS.2015.2477997
Villagrasa-Canton, C., Boudard, A., Ducret, J. -E., Fernandez, B., Leray, S., Volant, C., . . . Junghans, A. (2007). Spallation residues in the reaction Fe-56+p at 0.3A, 0.5A, 0.75A, 1.0A, and 1.5A GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 75(4). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.75.044603
McKibben, R. B., Connell, J. J., Lopate, C., Zhang, M., Anglin, J. D., Balogh, A., . . . Heber, B. (2003). Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum. ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE, 21(6), 1217-1228. doi:10.5194/angeo-21-1217-2003
Connell, J. J. (1998). Galactic cosmic-ray confinement time: Ulysses High Energy Telescope measurements of the secondary radionuclide Be-10. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 501(1), L59-L62. doi:10.1086/311437
SIMPSON, J. A., ANGLIN, J. D., BOTHMER, V., CONNELL, J. J., FERRANDO, P., HEBER, B., . . . ZHANG, M. (1995). COSMIC-RAY AND SOLAR PARTICLE INVESTIGATIONS OVER THE SOUTH POLAR-REGIONS OF THE SUN. SCIENCE, 268(5213), 1019-1023. doi:10.1126/science.268.5213.1019
SIMPSON, J. A., ANGLIN, J. D., BALOGH, A., BERCOVITCH, M., BOUMAN, J. M., BUDZINSKI, E. E., . . . WIBBERENZ, G. (1992). THE ULYSSES COSMIC-RAY AND SOLAR PARTICLE INVESTIGATION. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 92(2), 365-399. Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/
